I believe this is the issue with linux hlds/srcds servers starting for the first time and crashing due to a missing appid file.
What you could do is try creating a file within the same folder as srcds_run called
steam_appid.txt containing the appid of the game, in which case yours would be
232370 based on the official application IDs page which can be found
HERE. To break down the steps within the docker container:
$ echo 232370 > steam_appid.txt
$ ./srcds_run -game gesource +maxplayers 16 +map ge_archives +ip 0.0.0.0 -port 27015 +sv_lan 1 -console -usercon
If this works interactively then make sure to build the game image packaged with that file so that the server always starts instead of crashing.