Ofcourse, after spending the whole day testing and doing random stuff.. I found the solution to my problem a couple of minutes after doing this post.
My docker HLSX daemon is exposed on the right port, so I did the logaddress_add 192.168.1.4:27500 which seemed most logical to me. I tried using logaddress_add 172.17.0.13:27500 (which is the docker bridge ip) in insurgency, and it started logging correctly.
